Pygame¶

Bibliografia¶

Book Link

Pygame Hello World¶

Não temos entrada com input()
Entrada pelo mouse e teclado via eventos
Pygame usa tuplas ao invés de listas
Tuplas são listas imutáveis, por isso seu processamento é mais eficiente
Tuplas são listas com parentêses no lugar de colchetes
Ex.: (255, 255, 255)

Pygame Hello World¶

import pygame, sys
from pygame.locals import *

#set up pygame
pygame.init()

#set up the window
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((500,400),0,32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Hello world!')

#set up the colors
BLACK = (0,0,0)
WHITE = (255,255,255)
RED = (255,0,0)
GREEN = (0,255,0)
BLUE = (0,0,255)

#set up fonts
basicFont = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)

Pygame Hello World¶

pygame.locals inclui constantes como QUIT ou K_ESCAPE
Utilizamos sys.exit() para sair “suavemente” do programa

Pygame Hello World¶

#set up the text
text = basicFont.render('Hello world!',True,WHITE,BLUE)
textRect = text.get_rect()
textRect.centerx = windowSurface.get_rect().centerx
textRect.centery = windowSurface.get_rect().centery

#draw the white background onto the surface
windowSurface.fill(WHITE)

#draw a green polygon onto the surface
pygame.draw.polygon(windowSurface,GREEN,((146,0),(291,106),(236,277)))

#draw some blue lies onto the surface
pygame.draw.line(windowSurface,BLUE,(60,60),(120,60),4)
pygame.draw.line(windowSurface,BLUE,(120,60),(60,120))
pygame.draw.line(windowSurface,BLUE,(60,120),(120,120),4)

#draw a blue circle onto the surface
pygame.draw.circle(windowSurface,BLUE,(300,50),20,0)

Pygame Hello World¶

Se eu não apagar o pixArray ele ficará no estado locked
Apago o pixArray para poder manusear o objeto Surface via método blit()
O blit() apenas modifica a memória, mas para atualizar a tela devo dar display.update()
Não esqueça de dar pygame.quit()

Pygame Animação¶

import pygame, sys , time
from pygame.locals import *

# set up pygame
pygame.init()

# set up the window
WINDOWWIDTH = 400
WINDOWHEIGHT = 400
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDNTH,WINDOWHEIGHT),0,32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Animation')

# set up the direction variables
DOWNLEFT = 1
DOWNRIGHT = 3
UPLEFT = 7
UPRIGHT = 9

MOVESPEED = 4

Pygame Animação¶

# set up the block data structure
b1 = {'rect':pygame.Rect(300,80,50,100),'color':RED,'dir':UPRIGHT}
b2 = {'rect':pygame.Rect(200,200,20,20),'color':BLUE,'dir':UPLEFT}
b3 = {'rect':pygame.Rect(100,150,60,60),'color':GREEN,'dir':DOWNLEFT}
blocks = [b1,b2,b3]

Note que nos dicionários b1, b2 e b3 tenho objetos e direções embutidos
Monto uma lista blocks com os três dicionários

Pygame Animação¶

while True:
   # check for the QUIT event
   for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == QUIT:
         pygame.quit()
         sys.exit()

   # draw the black background onto the surface
   windowSurface.fill(BLACK)

   for b in blocks:
      # move the block data structure
      if b['dir'] == DOWNLEFT:
         b['rect'].left -= MOVESPEED
         b['rect'].top += MOVESPEED

      if b['dir'] == DOWNRIGHT:
         b['rect'].left += MOVESPEED
         b['rect'].top += MOVESPEED

      # check if the block has moved out of the window
      if b['rect'].top < 0:
         # block has moved past the top
         if b['dir'] == UPLEFT:
            b['dir'] = DOWNLEFT
         if b['dir'] == UPRIGHT:
            b['dir'] = DOWNRIGHT

      if b['rect'].bottom > WINDOWHEIGHT:
         # block has moved past the bottom
         if b['dir'] == DOWNLEFT:
            b['dir'] = UPLEFT
         if b['dir'] == DOWNRIGHT:
            b['dir'] = UPRIGHT

      if b['rect'].left < 0:
         # block has moved past the left side
         if b['dir'] == DOWNLEFT:
            b['dir'] = DOWNRIGHT
         if b['dir'] == UPLEFT:
            b['dir'] = UPRIGHT

      if b['rect'].right > WINDOWWIDTH:
         # block has moved past the right side
         if b['dir'] == DOWNRIGHT:
            b['dir'] = DOWNLEFT
         if b['dir'] == UPRIGHT:
            b['dir'] = UPLEFT

      # draw the block onto the surface
      pygame.draw.rect(windowSurface, b['color'],b['rect'])

   # draw the window onto the screen
   pygame.display.update()
   time.sleep(0.02)

Pygame Collision Detection¶

def doRectsOverlap(rect1,rect2):
   for a,b in [(rect1,rect2),(rect2,rect1)]:
      # Check if a's corners are inside b
      if ((isPointInsideRect(a.left,a.top,b)) or (isPointInsideRect(a.left,a.bottom,b)) or (isPointInsideRect(a.right,a.top,b)) or (isPointInsideRect(a.right,a.bottom,b))):
         return True

   return False

def isPointInsideRect(x,y,rect):
   if (x > rect.left) and (x < rect.right) and (y > rect.top) and (y < rect.bottom):
      return True
   else:
      return False

Pygame Input¶

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

# set up pygame
pygame.init()
mainClock = pygame.time.Clock()

# set up the window
WINDOWWIDTH = 400
WINDOWHEIGHT = 400
windowSurface = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH,WINDOWHEIGHT),0,32)
pygame.display.set_caption('Input')

# set up the colors
BLACK = (0,0,0)
GREEN = (0,255,0)
WHITE = (255,255,255)

# set up the player and food data structure
foodCounter = 0
NEWFOOD = 40
FOODSIZE = 20
player = pygame.Rect(300,100,50,50)

foods = []
for i in range(20):
   foods.append(pygame.Rect(random.randint(0,WINDOWWIDTH - FOODSIZE),random.randint(0,WINDOWHEIGHT - FOODSIZE),FOODSIZE,FOODSIZE))

# set up the movement variables

moveLeft = False
moveRight = False
moveUp = False
moveDown = False

MOVESPEED = 6

while True:
   # check for events
   for event in pygame.event.get():
      if event.type == QUIT:
         pygame.quit()
         sys.exit()
      if event.type == KEYDOWN:
         # change the keyboard variables
         if event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == ord('a'):
            moveRight = False
            moveLeft = True
         if event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == ord('d'):
            moveLeft = False
            moveRight = True
         if event.key == K_UP or event.key == ord('w'):
            moveDown = False
            moveUp = True

# draw the player onto the surface
pygame.draw.rect(windowSurface,WHITE,player)

# check if the player has intersected with any food squares.
for food in foods[:]:
   if player.colliderect(food):
      foods.remove(food)

# draw the food
for i in range(len(foods)):
   pygame.draw.rect(windowSurface,GREEN,foods[i])

# draw the window onto the screen
pygame.display.update()
mainClock.tick(40)

Sounds and Sprites¶

# set up the block data structure
player = pygame.Rect(300,100,40,40)
playerImage = pygame.image.load('player.png')
plyaerStretchedImage = pygame.transform.scale(playerImage(40,40))
foodImage = pygame.image.load('cherry.png')
foods = []
for i in range(20):
   foods.append(pygame.Rect(random.randint(0,WINDOWWIDTH - 20),random.randint(0,WINDOWHEIGHT - 20),20,20))

Player.png aparece na escala desejada
Gero randomicamente 20 cerejas iniciais

Sounds and Sprites¶

# set up music

pickUpSound = pygame.mixer.Sound('pickup.wav')
pygame.mixer.music.load('background.mid')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1,0.0)
musicPlaying = True

Utilizo dois canais, um para a música de fundo e outro para cada cereja apanhada

Sounds and Sprites¶

if event.key == ord('m'):
   if musicPlaying:
      pygame.mixer.music.stop()
   else:
      pygame.mixer.music.play(-1,0,0)
   musicPlaying = not musicPlaying

if event.type == MOUSEBUTTONUP:
   foods.append(pygame.Rect(event.pos[0]-10,event.pos[1] - 10,20,20))

Tecla ‘m’ pausa o fundo musical e o click do mouse planta uma cerejinha na posição clicada

Sounds and Sprites¶

foodCounter += 1
if foodCounter >= NEWFOOD:
   #add new food
   foodCounter = 0
   foods.append(pygame.Rect(random.randint(0,WINDOWWIDTH-20),random.randint(0,WINDOWHEIGHT - 20),20,20))

As cerejas são geradas aleatoriamente a cada passagem no looping principal

Sounds and Sprites¶

# check if the block has intersected with any food squares.
for food in foods[:]:
   if player.colliderect(food):
      foods.remove(food)
      player = pygame.Rect(player.left,player.top,player.right,player.down)
      playerStretchedImage = pygame.transform.scale(player.left,player.top,player.right,player.down)
      if musicPlaying:
         pickUpSound.play()

# draw the food
for food in foods:
   windowSurface.blit(foodImage,food)

Removo cerejas “comidas”, claro engordando!
Todas as “blitadas” aparecem no update

Sounds and Sprites¶

FPS == Frames Per Second
Variável que controla o mainClock.tick()
Os monstrinhos possuem um tamanho mínimo e máximo e sua velocidade é controlada

Sounds and Sprites¶

if baddieAddCounter == ADDNEWBADDIERATE:
   baddieAddCounter = 0
   baddieSize = random.randint(BADDIEMINSIZE,BADDIEMAXSIZE)
   newBaddie = {'rect':pygame.Rect(random.randint(0,WINDOWWIDTH-baddieSize),0-baddieSize,baddieSize,baddieSize),'speed':random.randint(BADDIEMINSPEED,BADDIEMAXSPEED),'surface':pygame.transform.scale(baddieImage,(baddieSize,baddieSize))}

   baddies.append(newBaddie)

Snakey : A Nibbles Clone¶

Classic Games with Python in the Browser¶

Show Comments

Next Section - Desenvolvimento Web Intro